Clarium Fraud & Compliance Solutions Glossary

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- ACAMSThe Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists is the world’s premiere association of anti-money laundering professionals representing all types of reporting entities globally. The ACAMS certification (CAMS) is recognized globally as the leading credential for professionals involved in AML compliance activities. https://www.acams.org
- ACFEThe Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world’s largest association of professional fraud investigators. The ACFE certification (CFE) is recognized globally and is the credential most sought after by prospective employers hiring for their fraud detection and prevention units. https://www.acfe.com/
- Affinity FraudAffinity fraud is a fraud scheme in which the perpetrator targets members of an identifiable ethnic, religious, or social group.
- Afghan Threat Finance CellThe Afghan Threat Finance Cell was created in 2008 to identify and disrupt financial sources of Taliban funding. The ATFC is supported by a number of U.S. enforcement agencies (including the United States' Drug Enforcement Administration and the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
- Alberta Law Enforcement Response TeamThe Alberta Law Enforcement Response Team is a province-wide policing initiative that investigates organized crime, including drug trafficking, gangs and child exploitation. https://www.alert-ab.ca/
- Alberta Occupational Health and Safety ActIn Alberta, harassment and violence are defined as workplace hazards. Part 27 of Alberta’s OHS Code requires employers to investigate incidents of violence and harassment and take corrective action. https://www.alberta.ca/workplace-harassment-violence.aspx
- Alberta Teachers’ AssociationUntil 2023, the Alberta’ Teachers’ Association (ATA) was the regulator tasked with investigating complaints about the competency and conduct of ATA members. In 2023, that responsibility was transferred to Alberta’s Education Commissioner. https://www.teachers.ab.ca/
- Alberta Teaching Profession CommissionThe commission reviews and investigates complaints of alleged unprofessional conduct and professional incompetence filed against Alberta certificated teachers and teacher leaders. This includes teachers who are members of the Alberta Teachers' Association (ATA) as well as those who are not part of the ATA. The commission consists of a commissioner and a team of investigators, professional assurance officers, and administrative professionals. https://www.alberta.ca/alberta-teaching-profession-commission.aspx
- ALERTThe Alberta Law Enforcement Response Team is a province-wide policing initiative that investigates organized crime, including drug trafficking, gangs and child exploitation. https://www.alert-ab.ca/
- AMLAnti-Money Laundering is a term applied to laws and regulations designed to prevent the proceeds of crime from being cleaned or laundered through financial transactions involving legitimate businesses.
- Anti-Money LaunderingAnti-Money Laundering is a term applied to laws and regulations designed to prevent the proceeds of crime from being cleaned or laundered through financial transactions involving legitimate businesses.
- Anton Piller OrderAn Anton Piller Order is a civil court order that permits the search of a location and seizure of evidence without prior warning.
- Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering SpecialistsThe Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists is the world’s premiere association of anti-money laundering professionals representing all types of reporting entities globally. The ACAMS certification (CAMS) is recognized globally as the leading credential for professionals involved in AML compliance activities. https://www.acams.org
- Association of Certified Fraud ExaminersThe Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world’s largest association of professional fraud investigators. The ACFE certification (CFE) is recognized globally and is the credential most sought after by prospective employers hiring for their fraud detection and prevention units. https://www.acfe.com/
- ATFCThe Afghan Threat Finance Cell was created in 2008 to identify and disrupt financial sources of Taliban funding. The ATFC is supported by a number of U.S. enforcement agencies (including the United States' Drug Enforcement Administration and the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
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- CAACCThe CAACC, or Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre, is Africa’s first regional anti-corruption centre for excellence. Established in 2013 and headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana, the CAACC provides ongoing training for officials from across the continent as well as for officers from local oversight bodies. Ken Brander is a CAACC facilitator.
- CAMSCertified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists have successfully completed the rigourous course of studies and certification offered by the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS). https://www.acams.org/home
- Certified Anti-Money Laundering SpecialistCertified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists have successfully completed the rigourous course of studies and certification offered by the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS). https://www.acams.org/home
- Certified Fraud ExaminerA Certified Fraud Examiner is the designation awarded to those who completed the in-depth course of studies and certification offered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). https://www.acfe.com
- CFEA Certified Fraud Examiner is the designation awarded to those who completed the in-depth course of studies and certification offered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). https://www.acfe.com
- Chief OfficerAs defined by the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act, a chief officer means the deputy minister of a department, the department head of an office of the legislature and with respect to a public entity, the prescribed individual. The prescribed individual for entities in the education and health sectors are listed in Schedule 2 of the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Regulations. If no individual has been so designated, then the individual charged with the administration and operation of the public entity is deemed to be the chief officer.
- Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption CentreThe CAACC, or Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre, is Africa’s first regional anti-corruption centre for excellence. Established in 2013 and headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana, the CAACC provides ongoing training for officials from across the continent as well as for officers from local oversight bodies. Ken Brander is a CAACC facilitator.
- Continuing Professional EducationBoth the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) require that all certified members of their organizations complete 20 Continuing Professional Education hours per year in order to retain their certification.
- CPEBoth the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) require that all certified members of their organizations complete 20 Continuing Professional Education hours per year in order to retain their certification.
- Criminal CodeThe Criminal Code is Canada’s codified body of criminal law.
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- Designated OfficerAs defined by the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act, a designated officer is a senior official designated by each chief officer to manage and investigate disclosures under the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act and Regulations. There are no restrictions on who the chief officer can appoint to this position. The designated officer could be a senior employee from inside the entity or could be an independent investigator from outside the entity. Clarium Fraud and Compliance is ideally placed to serve as designated officer for Alberta entities that must comply with the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act and Regulations .
- DisclosureAs defined by the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act, a disclosure is a disclosure of wrongdoing made in good faith by an employee in accordance with the Act.
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- Edmonton Police ServiceThe Edmonton Police Service is the municipal police force in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/
- Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence UnitsThe Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units is the informal global network of Financial Intelligence Units (FIU) that share information on AML/TF typologies and trends. FIUs can also utilize the Egmont Group to share information on specific investigations. For example, Afghanistan’s FIU can make a request through Canada’s FIU for information on the reportable financial transactions of a particular person or entity. https://www.egmontgroup.org/
- EPSThe Edmonton Police Service is the municipal police force in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/
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- FATFThe Financial Action Task Force was established in 1989 by the Group of Seven states. The FATF sets global anti-money laundering and terrorist financing standards, analyzes money laundering and terrorist financing trends and typologies, and conducts mutual evaluations. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/
- Financial Action Task ForceThe Financial Action Task Force was established in 1989 by the Group of Seven states. The FATF sets global anti-money laundering and terrorist financing standards, analyzes money laundering and terrorist financing trends and typologies, and conducts mutual evaluations. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/
- Financial Intelligence UnitAll states that are party to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or similar regional bodies have a Financial Intelligence Unit. Canada’s FIU is the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada( FINTRAC); the United States of America has FINCEN, and Afghanistan has FINTRACA.
- Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of CanadaFinancial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada is Canada’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and is responsible for enforcing Canada’s Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) and Regulations. https://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/intro-eng.asp
- FINTRACFinancial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada is Canada’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and is responsible for enforcing Canada’s Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) and Regulations. https://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/intro-eng.asp
- FIUAll states that are party to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or similar regional bodies have a Financial Intelligence Unit. Canada’s FIU is the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada( FINTRAC); the United States of America has FINCEN, and Afghanistan has FINTRACA.
- FraudMost definitions of fraud have two essential elements: dishonesty and deprivation. Canada’s criminal law related to fraud offences is found in Section IX and Section X of the Criminal Code.
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- Health Professions ActUnder the Health Professions Act (HPA), health professions are governed by regulatory bodies called colleges. These regulatory colleges have powers and authorities for self-governance.
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- Large Cash Transaction ReportCanada's Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act requires the submission of a Large Cash Transaction Report for all of Canada’s reporting entities if any single transaction, or a combination of transactions, received from or on behalf of a single customer within a 24-hour period amount to $10,000 cash.
- LCTRCanada's Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act requires the submission of a Large Cash Transaction Report for all of Canada’s reporting entities if any single transaction, or a combination of transactions, received from or on behalf of a single customer within a 24-hour period amount to $10,000 cash.
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- Money LaunderingIn essence, money laundering is the criminal proceeds of crime in motion. The three stages of money laundering are commonly identified as placement, layering, and integration. However, John Broome has postulated a more comprehensive model involving generation, consolidation, placement, layering, integration, and realization.
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- Norwich OrderA Norwich Order is a civil court order that compels entities such as financial institutions to produce documents and data.
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- Office of the Superintendent of Financial InstitutionsCanada’s Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions regulates Canada’s financial institutions and publishes lists of people sanctioned by the Government of Canada. It is unlawful for a Canadian person or business to conduct transactions with a person whose name appears on OSFI’s sanction lists. https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Pages/default.aspx
- OSFICanada’s Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions regulates Canada’s financial institutions and publishes lists of people sanctioned by the Government of Canada. It is unlawful for a Canadian person or business to conduct transactions with a person whose name appears on OSFI’s sanction lists. https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Pages/default.aspx
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- PCMLTFACanada’s Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (and accompanying Regulations) establishes Canada’s reporting entities and anti-money laundering compliance requirements. It also establishes the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC) as Canada's financial intelligence unit (FIU). https://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/act-loi/1-eng.asp
- Predicate OffenceA Predicate Offence is a criminal offence that generates criminal profits or proceeds of crime, such as drug trafficking, fraud, smuggling, or tax evasion.
- Proceeds of Crime [Money Laundering] and Terrorist Financing ActCanada’s Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (and accompanying Regulations) establishes Canada’s reporting entities and anti-money laundering compliance requirements. It also establishes the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC) as Canada's financial intelligence unit (FIU). https://www.fintrac-canafe.gc.ca/act-loi/1-eng.asp
- Public EntityAs defined by the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act and Regulations, a public entity means any agency, board, commission, Crown corporation or other entity designated as a public entity in the as defined in the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Regulations. Provincial (Crown) corporations are defined in Section 1(1)(r)(i) or (ii) of the Financial Administration Act. Public entities involved in the education and health sectors are listed in Schedule 1 of the Regulations and include:
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- RCMPThe Royal Canadian Mounted Police is Canada's national (federal, provincial, and municipal) police force. https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/
- Regulated Health Professions and CollegesAlberta health professions and health professionals regulated by the Health Professions Act. A regulated professions is required to investigate complaints about its members’ competence and conduct including allegations of sexual abuse and sexual misconduct. https://www.alberta.ca/regulated-health-professions.aspx
- Reporting EntityReporting entities are the business sectors that fall under the authority of the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA).
- ReprisalAs defined by the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act, a reprisal means measures taken or directed against an employee as described in section 24 of the Act, specifically:
- a dismissal, layoff, suspension, demotion or transfer, discontinuation or elimination of a job, change of a job location, reduction in wages, change in hours of work or reprimand;
- any measure other than one mentioned in clause (a), that adversely affects the employee’s employment or working conditions;
- a threat to take any of the measures mentioned in clause (a) or (b).
- Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceThe Royal Canadian Mounted Police is Canada's national (federal, provincial, and municipal) police force. https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/
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- STRA Suspicious Transaction Report is a mandatory report for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS).
- Suspicious Transaction ReportA Suspicious Transaction Report is a mandatory report for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS).
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- Terrorist FinancingTerrorist Financing refers to the funding of terrorist activities.
- Terrorist Property ReportA Terrorist Property Report is a mandatory report for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS
- TFTerrorist Financing refers to the funding of terrorist activities.
- TPRA Terrorist Property Report is a mandatory report for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones (DPMS
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- UNUnited Nations https://www.un.org/en/
- United NationsUnited Nations https://www.un.org/en/
- United Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is the lead United Nations organization in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. https://www.unodc.org/
- UNODCUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is the lead United Nations organization in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. https://www.unodc.org/
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- WrongdoingAs defined by Section 3 of the Public Interest Disclosure (Whistleblower Protection) Act, a wrongdoing is:
- a contravention of an Act, a regulation made pursuant to an Act, an Act of Parliament of Canada or a regulation made pursuant to an Act of Parliament of Canada;
- an act or omission that creates:
- a substantial and specific danger to the life, health or safety of individuals other than a danger that is inherent in the performance of the duties or functions of an employee, or
- a substantial and specific danger to the environment;
- gross mismanagement of public funds or a public asset;
- knowingly directing or counseling an individual to commit a wrongdoing mentioned in clauses (a) to (c).